Mendaftar di Google

Google memiliki banyak fasilitas untuk mendaftarkan website dan memasukkannya ke dalam index pencariannya. Untuk mendaftarkan suatu website di Google dapat memilih salah satu cara yang terdapat di halaman : http://www.google.com/intl/en/submit_content.html
Biasanya untuk website baru, Anda disarankan untuk mendaftarkannya melalui http://www.google.com/addurl/?continue=/addurl

Mendaftar di Yahoo

Untuk mendaftarkan situs Anda di Yahoo, dapat dilakukan melalui : http://search.yahoo.com/info/submit.html

repo ubuntu 9.04
Ubuntu repo 9.04 disk 1 18/mei/2009
Ubuntu repo 9.04 disk 2 18/mei/2009
Ubuntu repo 9.04 disk 3 18/mei/2009
Ubuntu repo 9.04 disk 4 18/mei/2009
Ubuntu repo 9.04 disk 5 18/mei/2009
Ubuntu repo 9.04 disk 6 18/mei/2009

UbuntuME/Sabily
UbuntuME/Sabily Jaunty 23/mei/2009

Blankon
Blankon 5 / Nanggar 17/Juni/2009

ubuntustudio-9.04-alternate-amd64.iso (standard download)

ubuntustudio-9.04-alternate-amd64.iso.torrent

ubuntustudio-9.04-alternate-amd64.jigdo

1. ShineVS_by_patrickgs.zip

2. Bauhaus_by_dimage.zip

Untuk Referensi modul memang belum banyak dari internet. Berikut ini beberapa modul SMK Multimedia, silahkan di untuk referensi pembelajaran di Multimedia SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta:

1. Mengoperasikan Entry Data Grafis
2. Mengoperasikan Entry Data Multimedia
3. Mengoperasikan Entry Data Web
4. Mengoperasikan Software Gambar Raster
5. Mengoperasikan Software Gambar Vektor
6. Periferal Multimedia
7. Periferal Web
8. Periferal Grafis
9. Periferal 3 Dimensi
10. Mengoperasikan Software Presentasi
11. Mengoperasikan Software FTP
12. Mengoperasikan Software Multimedia
13. Mengoperasikan Software 2 Dimensi
14. Mengoperasikan Softwaer Web Desain

Sesuai dengan KTSP 2006.

1. Teknik Penyiaran Dan Produksi Program TV, Film, Radio Jilid 1.pdf
2. Teknik Penyiaran Dan Produksi Program TV, Film, Radio Jilid 2.pdf
3. Alur Produksi Broadcast.pdf
4. Animasi Komputer.doc
5. Blog.pdf
6. Etimologi Multimedia
7. Animasi Komputer.doc
8. Broadcast news.pdf
9. Kesehatan, keselamatan dan keamanan kerja
10. Lensa, Teknologi Lensa
11. Major graphic file formats.pdf
12. Menulis Program TV.pdf
13. Membuat Narasi
14. Pengenalan Multimedia
15. Adobe Premiere Pro (Menyunting Video)
16. Pengantar Multimedia
17. Teks, Gambar dan Grafis
18. Suara dan Audio
19. Video
20. Animation.pdf
21. Adobe Photoshop CS
22. Web Design
23. Storage Media
24. Setup dan Pengoperasian Video Dasar

Kurikulumnya :

1. Jadwal Kurikulum Multimedia
2. RPP Dasar-dasar Multimedia
3. Silabus Multimedia

Untuk meningkatkan Mutu SDM guru di SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta, Mulai tanggal Selasa s/d Sabtu , Tgl : 23 s/d 27 Juni 2009, Diklat di SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta yang di pimpin oleh Drs. Sugeng Kabit TI SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta yang membawai TKJ dan Multimedia.

Untuk Intrukturnya Ruang 1 : ( Lab Multimedia )

1. Drs. Sugeng

2. Hardi Santoso, S.Kom

Untuk Intruktur Ruang 2 : ( Lab TKJ )

1. Agustinus Agung Yuwono Budi Nugraha

2. Sudarto, SPd

Untuk Instuktur ruang 3 : ( Lab DKV )

1. Priyo Handoko, SSn

2. Heru Prastyo, S.Kom

DAFTAR PRESENSI

PESERTA DIKLAT PENINGKATAN MUTU GURU

PENYUSUNAN BAHAN AJAR DENGAN POWER POINT

SMK NEGERI 9 SURAKARTA TH. 2009

Gelombang : 2 ( dua )

Pelaksana : Kamis s/d Sabtu, Tgl : 25 s/d 27 Juni 2009

Waktu : Pukul 08.00 – 14.00 WIB

Tempat : Lab. Multimedia SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta

Instruktur :

1. Drs. Sugeng

2. Agustinus Agung Yuwono Budi Nugraha

3. Priyo Handoko, SSn

4. Hardi Santoso, S.Kom

5. Sudarto, SPd

6. Heru Prasetyo, S.Kom

Peserta Diklat Hari/Tgl : Kamis s/d Sabtu, Tgl : 25 s/d 27 Juni 2009

Gelombang : 1 ( satu )

Pelaksana : Selasa s/d Rabu, Tgl : 23 s/d 24 Juni 2009

Waktu : Pukul 08.00 – 14.00 WIB

Tempat : Lab. Multimedia SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta

Intruktur :

1. Agung Yuwana Nugroho Budi Wahyono

2. Drs. Sugeng,

3. Priyo Handoko, SSn

Peserta Diklat sebagai Berikut :

(more…)

Methods of Liquid Waste Treatment

Sewage Treatment

A high BOD indicates the prescence of excess amounts of organic carbon. Oxygen depletion is a consequence of adding wastes with high BOD values to aquatic ecosystems. The higher the BOD of a source of wastes the higher the polluting power of that waste. BOD's of certain wastes are listed in the table below.

There are numerous ways to reduce the BOD of waste before discharging it into the water. Treatment of the wastes is aimed at removing organic material, human pathogens, and toxic chemicals.

Primary sewage treatment involves physical seperation to lower the BOD of the waste. Suspended solids are removed in this step through the use of settling tanks. Primary treatment usually removes from 30% to 40% of the BOD from typical domestic sewage. Secondary treatment uses microbial degradation to reduce the concentration of organic compounds furthur; it involves microbial processes which can be aerobic or anaerobic. The combined use of primary and secondary treatment reduces approximately 80% to 90% of the BOD. However, because secondary treatment involves microorganisms it is extremely sensitive to toxic chemicals. Finally, tertiary treatment uses chemicals to remove inorganic compounds and pathogens.

Oxidation Ponds

Oxidation Ponds are also known as stabilization ponds or lagoons. They are used for simple secondary treatment of sewage effluents. Within an oxidation pond heterotrophic bacteria degrade organic matter in the sewage which results in production of cellular material and minerals. The production of these supports the growth of algae in the oxidation pond. Growth of algal populations allows furthur decomposition of the organic matter by producing oxygen. The production of this oxygen replenishes the oxygen used by the heterotrophic bacteria. Typically oxidation ponds need to be less than 10 feet deep in order to support the algal growth. In addition, the use of oxidation ponds is largely restricted to warmer climate regions because they are strongly influenced by seasonal temperature changes. Oxidation ponds also tend to fill, due to the settling of the bacterial and algal cells formed during the decomposition of the sewage. Overall, oxidation ponds tend to be inefficient and require large holding capacities and long retention times. The degradation is relatively slow and the effluents containing the oxidized products need to be periodically removed from the ponds. An oxidation pond can be seen in the figure below.

Oxidation Pond

Trickling Filter

The trickling filter system is relatively simple and inexpensive. It is an aerobic sewage treatment method in which the sewage is distributed by a revolving sprinkler suspended over a bed of porous material as seen in the Figure below.

Trickling Filter

The sewage slowly moves through the porous bed and the effluent is collected at the bottom. This porous material becomes coated with a dense slimy bacterial growth which provides a home for a heterogeneous microbial community which includes bacteria, fungi, and protozoa as well as other organisms. As the sewage drains through the porous bed, this microbial community absorbs and breaks down dissolved organic nutrients in the sewage; this reduces the BOD. Aeration of the sewage occurs by the movement of air through the porous bed. The sewage may need to be recirculated several times through the filter in order to reduce the BOD sufficiently. One dissadvantage to this system is that an excess amount of nutrients produces an excessive amount of slime on the bed which in turn reduces aeration, leading to the need to renew the porous bed. Cold winter temperatures also reduce the effectiveness of this method in outdoor treatment facilities.

Activated Sludge

Activated Sludge is a widely used aerobic method of sewage treatment. After primary settling, the waste stream is brought to an aeration tank. Air is put in and/or there is mechanical stirring which provides aeration of the waste. Sludge from a previous run is usually reintroduced to the tanks to provide microorganisms. This is why it is called activated sludge. During the period in the aeration tank, large developments of heterotrophic organisms occur. In the activated sludge tank the bacteria occur in free suspension and as aggregates or flocs. Extensive microbial metabolism of organic compunds in the sewage results in the production of new microbial biomass. Most of this biomass becomes associated with flocs that can be removed from suspension by settling. A portion of the settled sewage sludge is recycled and the remainder must be treated by composting or anaerobic digestion. Combined with primary settling, activated sludge reduces the BOD by 85% to 90%. It also drastically reduces the number of intestinal pathogens. An illustration of an aeration basin is shown below.

Aeration Basin

Anaerobic Digestors

Anaerobic digestors are large fermentation tanks which are continuously operated under anaerobic conditions, as seen below.

Anaerobic Sludge Digestor

Anaerobic decomposition could be used for direct treatment of sewage, but it is economically favorable to treat the waste aerobically. Large-scale anaerobic digestors are usually used for processing of the sludge produced by primary and secondary treatments. It is also used for the treatment of industrial effluents which have very high BOD levels. The mechanisms for mechanical mixing, heating, gas collection, sludge addition and removal of stabilized sludge are incorporated into the design of large-scale anaerobic digestors. Anaerobic digestion uses a large variety of nonmethanogenic, obligately, or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. In the first part of the process, complex organic materials are broken down and in the next step, methane is generated. The final products of anaerobic digestion are approximately 70% methane and 30% carbon dioxide, microbial biomass and a nonbiodegradable residue.

Tertiary Treatment

The treatment processes used to reduce the BOD of sewage waste are secondary treatment processes. Tertiary treatment is any practice beyond secondary treatment and is designed to remove nonbiodegradable organic pollutants and mineral nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus salts. For tertiary treatment, activated carbon filters are commonly used.

Disinfection

Disinfection is the final step in the sewage treatment process and is designed to kill enteropathogenic bacteria and viruses that were not eliminated during the previous stages of treatment. Disinfection is commonly done by chlorination with chlorine gas or hypochlorite. Chlorine gas reacts with water to yield hypochlorous and hydrochloric acids which are the actual disinfectants. A disadvantage of using chlorination for disinfection is the formation of disinfection by-products, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are toxic and difficult to mineralize. Trihalomethanes may also be formed such as chloroform and bromoform, which are suspected carcinogens. Ozonation is an alternative to chlorination, which uses ozone as the oxidant. This however, is more expensive. Currently, alternative disinfection processes are being sought.

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Reference: Principles of Microbiology, R.M. Atlas, Mosby-Year, 1995

Created by Gianna Aiezza and Meredith Streeter